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April 1833 announcement of future labor organizations

In this extraordinary social laboratory that is the Echo de la Fabrique, a few articles published in April 1833 retained the attention. They herald a turning point in workers' awareness of the need to overcome divisions to reach a corporatist proletarian solidarity. This essential step in the history of workers is even stronger, more symbolic it is taken during the conflict workers stonemasons. But the guild was the organizational and defense workers, was born of stonemasons. There is a real break with the historical practice of manual workers. We will return soon on the history of companionship with his positive and negative aspects but until a few texts to April 1833 to understand what is being born in Lyon.

L'Echo de la Fabrique of April 7, 1833 reacts strongly when he learned that three workers stonemasons were arrested for the crime coalition.

"Workers stonemasons were there nearly a month agreements with the master stonemasons: a tariff was voluntarily stopped them all. Shortly after Mr. Riviere, a signatory, n has most wanted to submit, his workers have left the site and sought better paid work elsewhere. complained River, and several Chatelet Morateur Breysse and were arrested as guilty of coalition and also guilty for having to stop working in the yard River. These three family men appeared before the Criminal Court after eight days of detention. The court acquitted them and did not even fit to hear their champion, Mr. Chanay. They thought they were released, but the public prosecutor appealed, and men who are necessary for their family, and are in confinement awaiting trial because such is the pleasure of Mr. Chegaray. He, we know, used its right, but the vice of our laws should not it be amended by the wisdom of our rulers. What danger is there for society in the release of men who, if guilty, would have to fear that a conviction a few days in jail. Why the preventive punishment, useless to society, without compensation to the poor who are subjected. "

The Journal of silk workers recalled that in October 1831 for the same offense, the silk workers were not pursued much less subject to preventive arrest:

"Let us go further: workers stonemasons are neither more nor less culpable than the silk workers, the workers tulle. The circumstances are identical. Where does it uses a different way to proceed? The workers in silk, tulle workers were not subjected to preventive arrest and the first were not even prosecuted. The court however does not have two weights and two measures. Would you suggest that the silk workers owe their freedom to fear that their number inspired, not the justice of their cause, the sympathy of power for the proletarian class? One of two things, or Mr. Varenard did not do its duty in October 1831, or Mr. Chegaray done more than his own in March 1833. "
Then
Echo precise role of Manufactures:

"The workers will find stone masons in the Echo de la Fabrique natural support for their cause, because we hasten to offer them, because we do not want that we forget that the Echo de la Fabrique, although a special industry newspaper, is also one of the working class as a whole and is the tribune of the proletariat. All industries are integral to the repression of abuses of the privileges, for the adoption of this sacred principle which forms the basis of the right of male employees working in Living. "

Finally stonemasons will write to the newspaper this fundamental text. The Echo accompanying an interesting presentation on the spirit of journalists.

"We publish without comment the following address workers stonemasons to silk workers, because our words are too far below his reading of the feelings that arise.
We thank, in our case, the tailors Stone of Remembrance Honourable they want to give us. It is sweet to get in the middle of the fight and before the victory, the wages of our small but dedicated work.
We still have much to do to be worthy of this award and we will. We will draw new forces in the testimony of the sympathy of our citizens. Armed with this support that we find in public opinion, we will continue, without fear of obstacles that the enemies of the sacred cause to which we have devoted our lives, we could create, we continue to walk with a firm step towards the goal we set ourselves: physical and moral emancipation of the proletarian class. God and the freedom we are assisting. God and Liberty (Voltaire to Franklin). To workers in
soie.Nous we hasten to express to you our gratitude for the generous sympathy you have shown for our detained brothers: the newspaper was specially devoted to the defense of your interests, we hastened to offer his support and we are pleased and proud of this benevolence. The time is past when our industries were continuing to insult and abuse each other, we have finally recognized that our interests are the same, that far from hating us, we need help, and a spirit of brotherhood we must unite. So many separate beams form one beam: workers can improve their lot by a fraternal association, may finally bring your example the neglect of all fatal rivalry, can all Professions join hands! To you belong the honor of a noble outcome. Get
in particular, Mr. Editor, the expression of our gratitude for your generous and constant efforts for the sacred cause of the emancipation of the proletariat.
For our brothers, stonemasons:
Signed: Savigny, Dean, younger Tissier Tissier elder Baron, Berger, Taboulat Louis Aimard, Gentil, Respaux, Boiron, Cousin, Bread, Spy, Bourgeois, Bidault, Berset, Vallèle, Perrin, father Deaf, Deaf son, presently have, Michelon, Guillermin, Pilloud Escudié, Goujon, Hourlat, Goubre, Perruquet, Imbert, Aspet, William, Aubriaque, Uze, Carret, peterr, Drevet, Perrin younger Deschamp, Lefroid, Chabout, Venture, Pussy, Faure, Chapotton, Constant, Constantine Bellevêque, Durand, Barthes, Lizet son, Marchand, Michelon, Berguirailles, etc.. etc.. etc.. etc.. etc.. etc.. etc.. etc.. etc.. etc.. etc.. etc.. etc.. etc.. etc ".

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Poetry

In 1834 released a book printed in Geneva, entitled The Voice of the People. A collection of poems signed by "The Citizen D ***, Proletarian." This is Depassio T., a singer-Republican. Depassio Gold stayed in Lyon where he was imprisoned a time in 1831. The book we were able to consult includes a handwritten dedication "to Marius Chastaing citizen" who was the editor of the Echo de la Fabrique. Further evidence on the importance of poetry in song set at the time. Texts which were read by the silk weavers. This poem is committed, we would say today, helps for me to show that we can not simply evoking this period that texts describing the misery of the workers at the time. They are laying the foundations of workers' organizations and the principles of a just Republic.

The proletarian :
The other day a good man
the literary salon
Me said: "What exactly is a rogue
called proletarian? "
Sir, be not afraid,
Him I say, and watch me
is the proletarian, Flirty
who possesses nothing;
is what on earth is called
worthless.

The beggar who was born on a pallet
often died in the hospital;
This beggars who do not shine,
Perhaps out of malice,
Before flying his bread
Prefers die of bread is the
proletarian, who has
Sexy nothing is what

on earth is called a scoundrel.

This cheeky turn
on land and wave;
Barbarian, whose daring one day
civilized the world,
Fit ships, palaces, lounges, and inhabits only
prison
This is the proletarian, Flirty
who possesses nothing;
is what on earth
is called a scoundrel.

His hand that builds your homes
And pierces the mountains
Knows cover rich harvests
Your fertile countryside.
His arms, always restless,
Nourishes society;
is the proletarian who
Sexy does nothing;
is what on earth
is called a scoundrel.

This brutal, this madcap,
Who laughed grape,
And who has never shied
On the battlefield;
Who, braving the blows of fate, Se
been shot for you: This is the proletarian
,
Flirty who possesses nothing;
is what on earth
is called a scoundrel.

This soldier, who in his path,
Twenty times saves France;
Who of Europe in his hand,
Twenty years into the scale;
What is called the Pantheon,
Murat and Napoleon
This is the proletarian Sexy
who possesses nothing;
is what on earth
is called a scoundrel. Finally

who nowadays learn
A applies
The robber always saying it wants
republic
Hears, by liberty,
Reason, justice, fairness
is the proletarian
rogue who has nothing;
is what on earth
is called a scoundrel.

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Number of looms

Some figures on the number of looms

We have little data on the number of looms in Lyon in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. It why the work of C. Beaulieu, "History of Trade and Industry of Lyon factories" published in 1838 is interesting.

In 1788 a general state of the trades working in or vacant Lyons was commissioned by the consuls of Lyon
There are 58 500 workers of all types and 14,777 jobs. The tires held in
: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ........... 1042
The Velvet: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ........... 463
Ways: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .......... 240 The
full: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ......... 5583
The gauze and pancakes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .2 007
Trades vacancies at this time: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 5442

In 1829
Number of workshops: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ..... 17 254
They contained the following trades:
States: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....... .... 14 695
take Great ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ......... 32 A la
Jacquard ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ........ ... ... ... ... 8745
Velours: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ............ 918
Gazes et crêpes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ........... .964
Tull: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ............ 1756
Netherlands: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ............. 653
Trimmings: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... 500
Trades at rest ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... 745
(Beaulieu noted that "the large number of trades at the Croix-Rousse, the Guillotière to Vaise and most common in the suburbs, was nearly 31,000 people and put into operation. ") In 1837


7000 trades operating in Lyon
Tires: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .......... 300
Velvet: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ............. 500
Full: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ............ 3100
Gazes st pancakes : ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ......... 300
Figured: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ......... 2800

Second JF Bunel said in his book "History Table, administrative and Industry of the City of Red Cross (1842) that according to the census of 1841, ago:
9201 looms Red Cross
States ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ............. 1 951
Façonnés ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ........... ... 5760
Velour ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ............ ... ... .. 796
Coton Velour ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ........ ... ... ... 7
Coming ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... 145
Netherlands ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... ... ... ... 19
Trimmings ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4
Resting ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 519

Motorsports reeling:
Round: 1060
Long: 123

Reminder: For this year the number of looms in Lyon, its suburbs and the three towns of the Red Cross, and the Guillotière Vaise, amounts to more than 26,526 trades in 1813 resting. Lyon: 17 013; The Guillotière: 1845; Vaise: 280.
Total mechanical reeling is 3289

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The talk Lyonnais

If Clair Weaver (1827-1895) is that now allows fenottes gons and discover the charm of the talk in Lyon, thanks to his book "The Littre of Grand'Côte, constantly republished, signed by one of its names as a writer of Nizier Puitspelu, it is not the only nor the first to want to keep these words and expressions so singular. Anne-Marie and Gerard Vurpas Truchet today and, even before the publication of Littre, Jean Baptiste Onofrio. This exceptional man, he must first parts of the transcript of the puppet theater Mourguet Lawrence, wrote in 1864 a trial of a glossary of dialect Lyonnais, Beaujolais and Drill.
particular, we learn that in the eighteenth century, in Lyon, most craftsmen still speak the dialect. The bourgeoisie can not speak, but she understands and she still uses it sometimes is in the entertainment carnival, or when it wants a satire disguised as a popular form. He tells us that "it is also in the eighteenth century that appeared for the first time the weaver dialect, a language very special, distinct from the dialect of our campaigns and the common dialect of the city, not only by the use of terms specific to the occupation of our silk workers, but also by expressions, turns of phrase and a particular pronunciation. For Onofrio in the nineteenth century, "not only no one speaks the dialect in Lyon, but we did it includes more. There also publishes Is there nothing in this language. It is the dialect that employs weaver when we want to give a Published a color quite popular. "

few words and phrases from the work of JB Onofrio

connecting one : Breaking down, flip and more specifically to fall on the mouth, on the face.
" night I'm rolling in my bed sometimes at crabotton, sometimes without a cap filled almost Deurm. "
In English we find: abocar; Italian: abbocare

Agacin : Cor feet
" One day who made my room at the store I stop at
Soils with a agacin. "

Agourra : Gourrer, deceive, defraud
"By not m'agourra,
Mariara I am not. "

Bacon: bacon, salted pork
(Who knows why we say today" béconne! Ed.)

Bamban : Se Bambana, walking aimlessly wander ; wasting his time.
"I Bambana along the bitumen. "

Bugne : Species of cake fried in oil.
" At that time appeared in this city a great girl called Jeanne. It was established in Paradise Street. She was a factory bugnes the book that knocked all the others. It was so good and the flow was so great that after twenty years of work she put twenty thousand crowns she lost in a bankruptcy. She died in pain. "Supplement to CL worthy of remembrance.

Caffi : Filled; thick.

Calade : Paved, paved street, a church court.
" The inhabitants of Villefranche-sur-Saone call calade still the main square in front of their church and the street on which it is located, and as this street is a usual place for them to walk, they took the nickname Caladois. "

Charpenne : Charm, bower
" A village in the town of Villeurbanne, near Lyon and once in Dauphine, called The Charpennes. "

Corgniola, Corniole : Gosier, throat. Dialogue
Guignol of a play:
" Father Pierre-Jean - What! Horn, tell you that the Marquis de Saint-Remy is ruined! His father left him four hundred thousand francs!
Guignol - Yes, but his father left him as a corgnole, and he swallowed it all. "

Cuchon : Tas clusters.
"Large have therefore initiated a subscription
Who will facilitate the demolition
And Observatory and cuchons stone
What a disgrace to all sides Fourviere. "

Equevilles : Mr. Breghot
sweepings of Lut said they found in one of our consular acts, dated November 24, 1590.

Fena, Fene, Fenne : Female. Today we say
fenotte who works in a friendly way as all diminutives.

Gognandise : stupidity, ridicule

Gone : Child, son, kid, boy.
" It is sorry to see just gonnes
The cutty teeth as adults. "
" From novel gona dress; Small children wear the dress. That, according to several etymologists, a word of Celtic origin. He pointed in Gaul, a long garment of skin. Gown, dress still means in English. "

Pitrogner : Handle coarsely spoil crush.
" It pumps in the juice of grapes that pitrogne. "

Pontificate : Being in his pontificate is a popular phrase in our province that means being in the fullness of his strength, his health, his beauty. They say an old man while he is still in his pontificate he has to express all his force and his faculties.

front behind San : adverbial expression whose meaning is skewed in disorder. Spelling
primitive and the only rational This phrase is c'en front behind, that is to say what is in front go behind, and réciproquement.L spelling upside down has no reasonable explanation

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elephant bones discovered at the Croix-Rousse Lyon

Imagine that Progress has been created in the early nineteenth century. The correspondent of the Red Cross, paid as little as today, could do this interview:

Exclusive Interview with Mr. Knight Bredin director of the Veterinary School

Mr. Bredin what effect you made the discovery in August of fossil bones in common Red Cross?
It is with deep emotion that I find myself in the presence of these ancient witnesses of disasters and revolutions that changed the world, it is not without an indescribable melancholy on my back destination and the destination of mankind, I ask that these prestigious witnesses whose term frightens the imagination of a creature that was not even yesterday and tomorrow will be longer.

What can we take your comments?
Already, these immense deposits of belemnites, a echinites, ammonites, of encrinites, and many other marine animals that we see in our limestone rocks, show the observer warned on several occasions, the country inhabited today were covered in sea water; they teach him that there was a time when the earth was not adorned by plants, nor animated by sentient beings.

To return to the bones of elephants, which have found their summers?
These bones from mammals, it is not only elephants, were found in a garden that Mr. Kraulis, manufacturer and owner, has to Caluire, the limits of this county and Croix-Rousse in the angle formed between them, the path of the loop that leads to the Rhone and of the gate leading to the village Caluire at Margnole at Montessuy to Carette, etc..

Can you clarify for our readers ...?
This garden is located near the summit or ridge of the hill at the beginning of the slope that tilts toward the Rhone, that is to say on the slopes of the Croix-Rousse watching the Rhone The plains of Dauphine, the Alps, Mont Blanc ... It is therefore exposed to the southeast. Its gently sloping ground, is tilted from northwest to southeast, below the slope of the mountain becomes faster and drops into the valley deep enough that follows the path of the loop.

Under what circumstances this discovery?
Mr. Kraul was building a house in the upper part of the garden along the path of the grid. Pioneer masons, digging to 4 meters southeast of the building, a large pit from which they withdrew land red marl, which in our region, is used to build in pizai, found at 23 decimetres below the ground , bones very large they have not hesitated to look like from these ancient giants that are claimed to have once inhabited the earth.

And you do not believe in this assumption?
course not! We note that almost all European writers, even the most enlightened and less credulous, which preceded the last century, attributed to this ancient race of giants every bone whose size was greater than that of the strongest animals in our climates. During the reign of Louis XIII, was shown in Paris elephant bones found in Dauphine not far from the Rhone, which pretended to be the remains of Teutobochus, this king of the Cimbri who fought against Marcius! There are not 20 years we donated to the Veterinary School of the femur of an elephant, which had been cast these words: bone giant!

These bones, they all belong to one or elephants?
But no! I told you: some belong to an elephant, others horses, some with oxen.

Are there many?
For the elephant ago lower jaw armed with four molars, a lumbar vertebra, a huge spinous process belonging to the third dorsal vertebra, the first rib, both humerus, a femur head, the two guards and a large number of different fragments. I have described, measured and drawn with the bones of great detail. I also located the exact position on the ground of all these bones.

When it comes to elephant tusks ... we think
We did not find any defenses which it is nevertheless likely that the elephant was provided, but I hope that by digging deeper side of NO one will discover the bones, which, given their weight and the little area they represent, will not be driven into soft earth and light.

Finally Sir, our colleagues from the capital to discuss the question whether the fossil bones, belonging or not to one of the elephants of Hannibal. When do you think?
I do not think so. I am writing to show that these bones belonged to an elephant primogenius, prior to the time of Hannibal and it's a species that was already extinct before the Punic Wars.

Sources Historical Archives and Statistics Department of the Rhone 1825

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rebel city

Lyon was not always this quiet town, quiet, without too many now describe. The famous silk weavers' revolt of November 1831 is there to remind us. But this was not the only one. Beaulieu, in his History of Industry and factories Lyon appeared in 1838, counts nine. We should add the riots of 1848 and 1849 and also Voraces attempted uprising in late 1870 at the initiative of Bakunin and Anarchists *.

"The first popular revolt or sedition which history makes mention of our city took place under Charles VI in 1403. The reason was the high price of wheat.

The second riot took place under Charles VIII in 1486 in connection with certain regulations on corporations or brotherhoods of arts and crafts.

The third arrival in 1516, was because the master trades wanted, like the early days of the Commune, the appointment of those who complete this year were to come to the aldermen, which appointment was then made by consulate.

The fourth was held Sunday, April 25, 1529, in connection with a tax increase on wine. She was named the Rebaine.

The fifth day of 1744 on the occasion of a new edict on the statutes and regulations for the manufacture of silk. (This edict confirms that the craftsman who bought, weaving, selling his stuff disappears to make room for two separate professions: the merchant and the merchant of weaver Ed).

The sixth, known as the two, took place in 1786, for the salary increase.

The seventh, arrived in 1789, had resulted in the fire gates of the city and looting of the awards. Here begins the revolutionary regime, under which took place in Lyon and throughout France until the end of the last century, should be considered as reactions of parties.

The eighth, came in 1831, called the November days, lasted three days (21, 22, 23 November) and was held at the request of a wage increase of 25 cents per yard for fabrics say plush, and a tariff on ways of fabrics.

The ninth and latest arrival date in Lyon can be considered the consequence of the previous political parties there took an active part, which had not occurred in the former. It lasted six days and ended with the dispersal of those who took part, brought about by force of arms. "

* I will resist the pressure of a few cross-Rousse wishing that I mention the protests against the extension of paid parking zone which took place in December 2004 ... And although the press has headlined Lyon: The revolt of Canuts! "

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Honor inventors

course, we know Jacquard and Cross-Rousse like to gather in the shadow of his statue Place de la Croix-Rousse, but it would be wrong to believe he was the sole inventor. Welcome some of those who contributed, as investors and traders, to make Lyon the capital of this industry.

Aguettant : inventing the preparation of feathers or natural hair for weaving silk fabrics and other

Ajac : invents a flying mechanics suitable for the manufacture of fabrics, shawls, silk floss.

Allais : inventing and perfecting a mechanism for the trade and ordinary Filoche with which we can make or Filoche tulle, and tulle tied in all kinds of drawings.

Aubert : invented a knitting machine on line

Banse : invent a mechanism to be adapted to regular flying silks and capable of determining the set of two shuttles.

Beauvais and Fox ; invent a method to obtain the silk lessening degrees of hue in the longitudinal direction.

Belly : perfecting the Jacquard loom, machinery for reeling silk, cotton.

Bonnard : invents two mechanisms to spin silk in pulling the cocoon.

Breton : perfecting the Jacquard machine.

Brown : invents own fan to condition raw silks, silk to dry shade, renew, purify the air enclosed in the workshops.

Couturier : inventing ways to make a single trade, and by a single worker, several pieces of cloth at once.

Kinky : invented the dyeing of pancake.

David : invented and perfected the mechanics called "round" for reeling silk.

Debard-Théoleyre and Dutillieu : heathered velvet invent and manufacture of silk plush lamb mimicking of Astrakhan.

Felissent : invents device for drying air heated by the fire.

Gensoul : inventing and perfecting the boiler adapted to be used in apparatus for heating steam for spinning silk.

Giraud : inventing the manufacture of fabrics and raw silk with ribbons; mechanism to the recession, after their preparation and their application in same time all sorts of colors.

Gonin father and son : invent dye sulfur black and white.

Gout and Simon : inventing the manufacture of rabbits with the coat of a fabric called "cashmere of Paris."

Grand brothers: the perfect velvet or heather and united.

Janin : invented and perfected the making machine tulle double and single.

Jobert, Lucas and Co. : invent and perfect the manufacture of cashmere and merino shawls.

Jaillet : invents own mechanics to make all kinds of cloth shaped.

Jolivet, Cochet and Perrany : invent and perfect a new method to fabricate the mesh cross.

Julien Leroy : invents a loom bottom called the "French knitter.

Magnan : invented and perfected the machine for warping reel.

Mestrallet Joseph : inventing and perfecting pearls chains for the production of "traits", pure silver and gilded silver, with which one obtains son of these metals in all of equal proportions and finesse.

Meynard younger : inventing and perfecting the craft for making a heather silk fabric, called "smooth knit".

Monavon : invented and perfected the application of plates and cylinder made of tuff, shale, etc., printing fabrics.

Mousset : invents a machine suitable for reeling silk.

Pichon widow : invents printing on silk in gold and silver.

Pictet Genevieve : woven wool shawls invented silk.

Pinson : invents the means dressing and pressing the fabric without wrinkles.

Poidebard : perfecting the breeding of silkworms

Princeps : inventing and perfecting the machine cans.

Ragey : inventing the manufacture of silk crepes cooked, streaked and mottled.

Maupas-Rast: invents own instrument to the drying of the bristles.

Ravina, Daguillon, Mehi and Jacquard : invent processes for manufacturing a fabric for furniture, seamless.

Raymond : inventor of the blue that bears his name.

Ricard brothers : invented the paper applied to the Jacquard.

Seguin, father and son and Yemeriès : the perfect silks, gold and silver.
Skola: invented the mechanism to the effect of replacing 90 mm Carton by 21 millimeter thick paper for each shot shuttle, adapted to the Jacquard loom.

Tanard : invented the mechanical manufacture without knitting backwards.

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News yesterday

Violence in college!
1 April 1745: The parliament had ordered the Jesuit colleges would cease to hold Lyon. He appoints a master Pension secular Antoine Nivoley as prefect or principal. When he opened the classes, there was a crowd on the square of the college. When the Prefect came out, kids and the rabble accompanied him to his home by booing and throwing stones. The police intervened. Three students were arrested and taffetatier. But Antoine Nivoley and six teachers held out until 1763.

National Mourning 8 days!
April 5, 1791: Members of the municipal body that they will stop for eight days, the mourning of Mirabeau and the citizens of Lyon will be invited to pay tribute to his memory. 8, the Friends of the Constitution shall hold a service for the repose of the soul of Mirabeau, in the Church of Cordeliers. The shows are closed.

Profit on sale!
April 10, 1805: Napoleon stayed in Lyon with his wife Josephine, issued a decree that allocates to Mr. Jacquard, author of a new art for the manufacture of fabrics stitched and shaped, which eliminates the use of the printer, a premium of 50 francs for each trade that will be delivered to active during the course of six years.

Matheux the way!
April 12, 1734: Thomas Fantet Lagny, a learned mathematician, dies. But before he breathed his last, as he knew none of those who surrounded his bed, someone to make a philosophical experiment, asked what was the square of twelve. He replied immediately, and without knowing what he apparently replied: One hundred forty-four!

Kneeling? Never!
April 18, 1555: The Sorbonne censors the canons of Lyons who, during the Mass, the elevation of the host, refused to bend the knee and bow. The canons, strong characters, not held point account of this censorship. The dean of the cathedral with their litigation to compel them to kneel on the "lift-God" the case was submitted to the cardinals of Lorraine and Tournon. These prelates decided June 20, 1564, that the canons be held deeply inclined during the elevation of the host, so they worship him with more reverence than in the past. A decree of 25 August 1655, maintained in the canons the right not to kneel at the elevation. Later, at the request of Louis XIV, they finally consented to give up this singular privilege.

And we are unhappy with the time!
April 30, 1573: The CL was afflicted with two horrible evils. "One of the scourges, said Ruby, was that all the vineyards of the province froze ... and it made no harvest. The other scourge, and many more, was the great dearness of wheat. There were great pity to common people, both in the city and field. "

Z'allez me demolish the citadel!
May 2, 1585: Mandelot, Governor of Lyon, seized, together with the Aldermen, the citadel of Lyon, and having disarmed the garrison was captain of Poisieu Aimar, Sieur du Passage, he installs the urban militia. The king was forced to approve this bold step. He even ordered some time after the demolition of the citadel. Citizens set to work so hard, only a few months later, he still appeared no trace. This citadel was built in 1564 by Charles IX was the Mountain San Sebastian, above the street Neyret.

The opposite would be amazing!
May 3, 1803: Acceptance of the bequest to the city of Lyon, by Major-General Martin. La Martiniere School will open in 1832.

It was not theater!
May 4, 1795: Tragic death of actor Dorfeuille. He was an actor, certainly, but for Lyon, was one who had presided over the revolutionary tribunal established in Lyon during the terror. Arrested after the fall of Robespierre, he is brought before the criminal court. An immense crowd covered the place of Roanne (before the Palace of Justice). Everyone wondered if he had been convicted. No, said a person coming out of the hearing: "The law does not reach it. "Well! Me, I will reach it, "exclaims emphatically a man of the people. Immediately this man through the crowd, soars on Dorfeuille, knocks him out and rushed her corpse in the Saone.

A bridge wire!
May 18, 1829: The suspension bridge wire of the Ile Barbe, built by engineer Favier, is open to the public. It must first ideas of the construction of this bridge to one of our most skillful mechanics, locksmiths, Mr Stephen. Indeed, "La Gazette de France" in its issue of April 15, 1732, wrote: "A gentleman presented to the Lyon King model of a flying bridge with the original one hundred yards long and two wide, is suspended half six feet above the water, through which men of arms can surely happen, and yet the bridge is built in a manner so slight, that one or two carts can carry at most, because it can be dismantled in an hour, and also rises little space. "Against

supermarkets!
May 23, 1794: The people's representatives, Dupuy and Reverchon, address to the Committee of Public Hi a memorial on the rehabilitation of municipal trade-Freed (Lyon). "We are convinced of the truth that, for republicanize trade, it will always lead to this result, multiply small establishments, determine the ultimate products, merely the means to obtain them. "

Who can believe that one has made any progress?
May 23, 1637: A sodomite is condemned to fire after he had been strangled, and the rope broke and he was burned alive in the presence of more than 20,000 people flocked to this show by the rarity of the crime.

There's no more season!
June 7, 1635: "Today has fallen, half-hour, hail the size of a fist, accompanied by a wind so furious, he carried off coverage five fathoms high on the tower was a large house called the Castle of Milan, located in the Saint Bartholomew, close to the rise of the great monastery of the Capuchins. "

Do not mess with the biting of an ounce!
June 20, 1769: A decree of Parliament confirms the decision of the consular jurisdiction of Lyon Comtois condemning the woman to be attached to the shackles, whipped and marked, and then locked in a convict prison for the crime of picking an ounce and Michel Comtois her husband in the pillory and banishment for having suffered in it and be involved. (The stitching of an ounce was to fly on silk parties assigned by the merchant. To regain the weight, the breaker of an ounce, moistened silk.)

Defense traditions!
June 21, 1584: "The aldermen who wish to restore the good and laudable customs of any age who have been observed in Lyon, among others that make a bonfire on the Saone bridge all the guards of the feast of the Nativity St. John the Baptist, as they did before the first troubles of the year 1562, from which this was so beautiful custom discontinued, order that now repeating that the custom will be raised, each Eve St. John, a pyramid of wood that the fire will be put by the governor for the king, and one of the aldermen for the city and is also decreed that all aldermen will attend in a body with their consular robes . "

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twine Street

About Twine Street Term

During the campaign for municipal elections, and fenottes gons have not failed to read numerous projects on the existing road tunnel Street End, once the railway of the Red Cross, more commonly known as the string. Logical when you know how a cable made of 252 steel son 2 mm in diameter each, like one of those strings that can just as easily attach a package of your pants Poreau. So we were right for several weeks of promises that could lead to rise faster Vélov, strollers and baby bottles to climb slopes wind comforters and our will smoke to relax Bamban exhausting. Well, in a few days, when our elected officials have chosen their offices, found the right key to enter and set up their family photos, we ask what exactly they were. A platform? A breast butt? An escalator? A cable? We'll see. Meanwhile, it can help, we offer them the opportunity to discover exactly what that famous String, String, one day, a mayor, decided to remove the car at once can access our charming plateau. We were at that time very little to show our disagreement on this measure. So ... Not only

String rendered immense service to Lyon and Croix-Rousse but also was a considerable technical prowess. The proof: In 1863, the Parisian journal L'Année Scientifique et Industrielle de Louis Figuier, a collection which brings knowledge the public the science, inventions, and applications to industry and arts of the year, published a long article on not'Ficelle! Some excerpts:

"was inaugurated in 1862 in Lyon, a small railway to link the street to the term plateau of the Croix-Rousse, and has a provision as bold and new. The angle of 4 cm per meter has never been exceeded on any railway, the ramp is 16 cm here. A little more and the cars would climb angles, like lizards along a wall.
Railways Red Cross does makes use of locomotives, it is fixed traction, such as railways inside the mines. The train is pulled upwards by a cable that wraps around a capstan and huge serves to raise the long boom: the descent is by the conduct of the same cable that holds the convoy and moderates the speed of the fall.
Each train consists of only two cars, but the dimensions of these cars are such that they can each hold 100 passengers. A steam engine of 100 horse power rotates a drum 4 and a half meters in diameter, around which the cable is wound. The piston travel Steam machines is 2 meters; boilers are tubular and forced air flow. A fan, operated by a steam engine of 10 horse power, constantly sending air under the home, to enable combustion.
We had to make the greatest attention to the design of the cable for supporting the entire weight of the train. This cable is made of the meeting of 252 steel son of 2 millimeters in diameter. IT would be able, based on authentic tests that have been made to bear a weight of 100,000 kilograms, while supporting the effort to climb the train reaches to 10 000 kilograms. (...) The authority wanted the new railway cars brakes were armed with sufficient power to stop the train rushed on the slope of the track, in the case of a broken cable.
These brakes have been built by engineers of the company and Mr Molinos Pronnier and upon receipt of the railway from Lyons to the Red Cross, they have suffered, before the official commission, a series of trials of the most conclusive . Here are the rules adopted by Messrs. Molinos and Pronnier for this important and difficult result.
The railway has a uniform slope of 165 mm by meters. A train left on the slope, all wheels halted, taking still slip through his enormous weight considerable speed. To avoid all the dangers of a cable break, it is not enough to equip vehicles with regular brakes, they must add an additional brake whose action, coupled with the jamming of the wheels, produces a stop infallible. To this end, each truck carries two brake systems, to act automatically by the fact of the cable break. (...) Experience has fully demonstrated the effectiveness of these provisions. Twelve times in the presence of the Committee of receipt the cable break was simulated by means of a click, the train down to walking at 2 meters per second (speed limit); stop happened every time without appreciable shock, after a slip of 3 m 50: the car fully loaded weighed 18,000 kilograms each. (...)
The establishment of the Gare de Lyon has necessitated the opening of a trench 11 meters, surrounded by steep houses 4 to 5 floors, whose support has made the biggest house difficultés.Une 4 floors placed straddling the line was preserved: the tunnel which was literally carved bears in the cellars of this house, without compromising its strength. Other houses on a large tunnel, were kept under similar conditions. In a word, the difficulties of any kind had to be overcome to achieve the realization of this new and elegant company. Their number and importance, make it more remarkable that the complete success has crowned the work, including the happy idea, as well as the full execution, is the highest honor the two company engineers MM. Molinos and Pronnier. "